Chinese Discrimination in the United States Essay

The Chinese immigrated to the United States in during the 1800s Official records show that before 1857, 46 Chinese immigrants were in the United States. Over the next 30 years more that 200,000 Chinese had immigrated to the United States. This immigration wave was largely because of the push of the awful conditions in China and the pull of the discovery of gold, and, job opportunities in the west (Immigration and the United States, Schafer, 2006). During the 1860s railroad work was abundant. The devil lines, Central Union and Pacific Union, were the largest employer of the Chinese and the Irish.Working the Central Union was dangerous work through rough terrain. The work was dominated by the Chinese. condescension being 90% of the laborers the Chinese were paid slight that the Irish who were 10% of the laborers. This dual labor market continues until the completion of the railroads. Regardless of being the majority of the laborers, the Chinese were excluded from the Golden Spike c eremony in Promontory, Utah. After the completion of the completion of the railroad, the Chinese immigrants continued to necessitate work that others would not do.This caused an industrial dependence on cheap labor to fuel the American economy. The Chinese were welcome as the economy needed them. When the labor was finished, they were no thirster welcome. The Chinese welcome was go around lived because of stereotypes that were prevalent before immigration. American traders and Protestant missionaries spoke to the American people of the Chinese exotic and benighted manners. These stereotypes caused sinophobia. This sinophobia directly resulted in the Yellow Peril, a threatened expansion of Asian populations as magnify in western immigration (answers.com). Takai, in 1989, noted that the fear of the Yellow Peril shattered any appetite to learn more about the customs of the Chinese, or, themselves as a people. Sinophobia was compounded when the govern ment passed the Chinese Exclu sion make up of 1882. This government action not only outlawed Chinese immigration and naturalisation for 10 years, however it led the American people to further disparity any thought that the discrimination was unjust and unfounded was alleviated through the governmental act.At the end of the acts 10 year run, it was continued another 10 years, and, the practice continued into the 20th century. On December 17, 1943, the Magnuson Act repealed the Exclusion Act. Repealing the act allowed growth and assimilation of the Chinese people. The Chinese exhibit high-pitched affluence unite with a relatively high degree of separationism from Whites in a few metropo lighten upan areas (Lee, C. N. , 2004). Redlining leads to the flavour that the manisfestation of suburban ethnic districts may alleviate the need to bodily intergrate with Whites to obtain greater socioeconomic success.Despite the menial jobs the Chinese continued to grow financially, and, the affluent Chinese continued to live next admittance to their poorer neighborhood, an act of self-segregation with the self-segregation encouraged forming their own chamber of commerce, public library, and hospitals. The true destructive nature of residential segregation reared the discrimination perpetuated by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Homeowners Loan Act, Department of Housing and Urban cultivation (HUD), the real estate industry, banks, and other financial institutions (Massey & Denon, 1993).Chinatown, San Francisco, is not just the largest Chinese Town outside of Asia, but is the largest example of redlining. The 1870 anti-Chinese ordinances passed in San Francisco to curtail housing and employment options. The ordinances passed successfully pushed the Chinese into an unwanted area. Having them in one and only(a) area made it easier for San Francisco law enforcement of curfews. In the San Francisco bay area the garment industry is made up of 53% Asian workers, mostly women. These sweat shops are overcrowded, not well ventilated and poorly lit (urbanhabitat. org).The garment workers are exposed to particles and toxic chemicals. Many women bring their children to work with them, and the particles and chemicals are known to be especially are harmful to children. Many Asian-American associates support reverse discrimination against Asian-Americans as demonstrated by being denied college entrance (asianam. com). Many Chinese are making donations to the very organizations that are anti-Chinese, in diversify for denial of Asian-Americans denial to colleges and universities.Thomas Espenthade and Alexandria Walton Radford examined data on students applying to college in 1997 and discovered what looks to be different standards for different racial groups. They found that Asian-Americans needed to excite nearly perfect SAT scores of 1550 to have the same chances as other races which were requiring scores of 1100 to 1410. They also noted that other races were three to 15 gener ation more likely to be accepted to university. Stephen Hsu noted that it appeared that the universitys magically end up with 20% Asian students. One Princeton lecturer asked if that number represents the Asian Ceiling. Is instruction action working? Advocates of affirmation action argue that it is needed because of historical discrimination.Maybe that was true in 1970, but it is no longer true affirmative action is now a part of the minority machine, an indispensable component which is perpetual victimhood (jonstosselfoxnews. com). Yet another straddle that the Chinese have endured is the Glass Ceiling. Although experienced by both men and women, a double jeopardy has been attached to Chinese women. A Chinese man has a meliorate opportunity to move up the ladder than a Chinese woman. In general, at Lawrence Livermore National lab in 2000 one in 10 is on the professional staff while one in 25 was a manager (Varma, 2004).As a whole, the Chinese are underrepresented as CEOs. Board members, and high level managers. While researching this essay I have discovered that the Chinese-Americans have endured. Upon arrival in the 1800s. I have become more culturally aware of their movement to quash stereotypes and discrimination, and there attempt to mainstream there culture in the United States. 1) asianam. com 2) jonstosselfoxnews. com 3) Lee, C. N. , 2004 4) Massey & Denon, 1993 5) Immigration and the United States, Schaefer, R. D. , 2006 6) urbanhabitat. org 7) Varma, 2004.